The predecessor of School of Mathematical Science is the Mathematics Teaching and Research Office, which was founded in 1953. Lu Qingjun, Sun Benwang, Dai Yishan and other mathematicians have taught here. After years of construction, the school has five major disciplines, including "algebra, partial differential equation theory, combinatorial mathematics and graph theory, ship and ocean applied mathematics, and data science".

The school has 75 teaching staff, including 65 full-time teachers, 14 professors and 24 associate professors, 10 doctoral supervisors and 27 master's supervisors. In the past five years, it has won 26 National Natural Science Foun projects, 2 provincial and ministerial science and technology awards. The school has undertaken more than 20 science and engineering integration projects of "ship building, ocean development, naval equipment and nuclear power application", and received more than 18 million yuan in scientific research.

In the past five years, the faculty of the college has guided the students of the school to win more than 2000 provincial and above awards in various international and domestic college students mathematical modeling competitions, mathematical competitions for college students and other mathematical disciplines. In 2021, the faculty has guided students to win the "Huawei Special Award" in mathematical modeling competitions (only 10 in China).